May 2019 - PHP

Archive for May 2019

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

PHP Include And Require Statement !!

May 29, 2019

PHP Include And Require Statement !!

In this article we will discuss about PHP Include And Require Method in brief.

We can insert the content of one PHP file into another PHP file

In PHP there are two ways to include file

Include
Require

Include

It copies all files, texts, documents of one file to another file.

Syntax :

include ( " file name " ) ;

Program :

home.html

wel.php

Output :

As shown in above program we copy data of hello.html file in wel.php file.

Form which we created in hello.html file it shown in wel.php file when we execute it.

Require

It copies all files, texts, documents of one file to another file.

It is used when file is require by the application.

Syntax :

require ( " file name " ) ;

Program :

home.html

web.php

Output :

Same as include file we copy data of hello.html file into wel.php file.

Both include and require works same.

Difference Between Include & Require

The require & include both statement is used to include a file into the PHP code.

The difference between include and require is,

require is used when file is required by the application.

If file is not found in require method then execution will stop.

Include is used when file is not required by the application.

If file is not found in include method then execution will continue.

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Categories: PHP

PHP Functions !!

May 29, 2019

PHP Functions !!

In this article we will discuss about PHP functions in brief.

PHP Functions

A function is a block of some code which is designed to perform particular task.

Why Functions ?

Increase the readability
For code re-usability
less code

Types Of Functions

1) Predefined Functions
2) User defined Functions

1) Predefined Functions

Predefined functions are functions which is php provide us.

It is already defined.

Let's see some predefined functions

echo : echo is used for print the message.

which is defined already in php.

PHP interpreters knows how predefined functions works.

Program :

Output :

Predefined Functions

User defined Functions

User defined functions are made by user according to requirements.

It reduce the code lines.

It uses when we have to use same code many times in a program.

We create a function once and use whenever needed.

Syntax :

function name_userfunction( )

{

code of block

}

Where, function is keyword for create a function.

name_userfunction is name of your function you can write any thing here.

Program :

Output :

Hello !! function is created

Here, we created hello() function and print message in the function.

After that for call the function we just need to write function name like here we call function by write hello().

It is not necessary to call function in same block where you declare the function.

Function can call anywhere in the program where we needed.

Function With Argument

We can pass argument in the function parameter.

It is used for give value at run time.

We pass string or integer or any kind of data which we want to print.

Syntax :

function name_userfunction(arguments)

{

code of block

}

Program :

Output :

Hello !! Welcome NibKarma

Here we take and argument $name and at declaration time we pass the string "NibKarma".

We can also use a variable as a argument in function call.

This argument pass value to the parameter of function.

Program :

Output :

nibkarma

Here we store a string in variable $a and pass in the function argument which is replace by $ name and prints the nibkarma.

In this article we discuss about functions both predefined and user defined in brief.

Categories: PHP

PHP Different Operators !!

May 29, 2019

PHP Different Operators !!

PHP Operators

Operators are used for perform different kinds of operation on values.

We can do different operation using operators on different values.

There are operators we can use in PHP

Arithmetic Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison Operators
Assignment Operators
Increment / Decrement Operators
String Operators
Conditional or Ternary Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform simple mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiply, division and modulo.

operator	syntax	operation
+	$a + $b	addition of operands
-	$a - $b	subtraction of operands
*	$a * $b	multiplication of operands
/	$a / $b	division of operands
%	$a % $b	reminder of operands

Program :

<?php

$x= 10 $y= 3

echo "The sum is : ". ($x+$y)
echo "The difference is : ". ($x-$y)
echo "Multiplication is : ". ($x*$y)
echo "Division is : ". ($x/$y)
echo "Modulus is : " . ($x%$y)
?>

Output :

The sum is : 13
The difference is : 7
Multiplication is : 30
Division is : 3.333333
Modulus is : 1

Logical Operators

This operators are used in conditional statements.it is used to check true or false conditions.

Operators is used like logical and, logical or, logical not, and, or, xor.

operator	syntax	operation
&&	$a && $b	true if both operands are true otherwise false
\|\|	$a \|\| $b	true if either one of both operands are true otherwise false
!	!$b	true if $b false
and	$a and $b	true if both operands are true otherwise false
or	$a or $b	true if either one of both operands are true otherwise false
xor	$a xor $b	false if both operands are true otherwise true

Program :

<?php
$name=”Nibkarma”;$pass=”123”;
if($name==”NibKarma” && $pass==”123”){echo “Welcome to Nibkarma”;}else{echo “Invalid username or Password”;}
?>

Output :

Welcome to NibKarma

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare the variables.

It returns the Boolean value either true or false.

Operators like <, >, <=, >=, ==, != is used.

operator	syntax	operation
>	$a > $b	true if a is greater then b
>=	$a >= $b	true if a is greater then or equal to b
<	$a < $b	true if a is less then b
<=	$a <= $b	true if a is less then or equal to b
==	$a == $b	true if both operands are same
!=	$a != $b	true if a is not equal to b

Program :

<?php
$a =5;$b =7;
if($a==$b){echo “Equal”;}else{echo “Not Equal”}
?>

Output :

Not Equal

Assignment Operators

Assignment operation used to assign value to the operator without do extra operations.

Operators like =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %= is used.

operator	syntax	operation
=	$a = $b	true if a is equal to b
+=	$a += $b	addition as $a = $a + $b
-=	$a -= $b	subtraction as $a = $a - $b
*=	$a *= $b	multiplication as $a = $a * $b
/=	$a /= $b	division as $a = $a / $b
%=	$a %= $b	modulo as $a = $a % $b

Program :

<?php

$a=12;$b=$a;

echo $b; echo " ";

$a+=$b;echo $a;echo " ";

$a-=$b;echo $a;echo " ";

$a*=$b;echo $a; echo " ";

$a/=$b;echo $a;echo " ";

$a%=$b;echo $a;echo " ";

$a.=$b;echo $a;
?>

Output :

122412144120012

Increment/Decrement Operators

This operators are used for increment or decrement the value of operators.

++ and -- operators are used.

operator	syntax	operation
++	++$a	pre-increment : first increment then prints
++	$a++	post-increment : first print then increment
--	--$a	pre-decrement : first decrement then print
--	$a--	post-decrement : first print then decrement

Program :

<?php
$a=12;$b=++$a;echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=13 ,b=13echo " ";
$b=$a++;echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=14 ,b=13echo " ";
$b=--$a;echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=13 ,b=13echo " ";
$b=$a--;echo "a=".$a." ,b=".$b; //prints a=12 ,b=13echo " ";
?>

Output :

a=13 ,b=13a=14 ,b=13a=13 ,b=13a=12 ,b=13

String Operators

String operators are used for string concatenation and assign value to string.

' . ' and '.= ' operators are used.

operator	syntax	operation
.	$a.$b	concatenated $a and $b
.=	$a.=$b	It concatenated and then assign as $a = $a.$b

Conditional And Ternary Operators

Conditional Operators are used to compare the values.

It works as a if-else statement.

Ternary operator is ?:

Syntax :

$var = (condition)? $a : $b ;

If condition is true then it returns $a otherwise $b.

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PHP Break, Continue Control Statement !!

In this article we discuss about these control statements,

Break

The Break statement used in loops for bring the program control out of loops.

Break condition is used for break the loop for a certain condition.block out of loop will execute correctly.

In short,after break statement the loop is terminated and no code of loop is execute.

Break statements use in if-else, switch, for, while, do-while control statements.

Break Statement In For Loop

In code of for loop there is condition if that condition is true then break will execute and terminate the loop.

Syntax :

for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
condition for break
{
break
}
code of for loop

Program :

Output :

1
2
3

Work :

Here, we take a = 1 initially, loop will occur till a become 5.

First time it prints 1, after that 2 and then 3 when a become 4 if condition become true and break will execute.

After break execute for loop terminate.

Break Statement In While Loop

When we want to know the number of iteration and want to perform simple program then we can use break statement.

when we not increment or decrement value on that case we have to use break statement.

Syntax :

while ( condition )
{
code of loop
}
break

Program :

check the given number is 10 or not.

Output :

a is 10

Work :

In this program we only check either given number is 10 or not.

we take number which is 10 then it print 10 otherwise not.

if we not use break statement then the loop is go in infinite loop and code print for infinite time.

so, for execute code only once then we have to use break keyword.

Break With Switch Statement

In switch statement break statement use in cases for print the particular cases.

Break uses for print the particular case.

Program :

Output :

a is 10

As shown in above program we take a variable with value 10.

Switch goes to the case 10 and execute the block after that break will execute and switch terminate.

Continue

Continue statement used work like break statement. the difference is break statement terminate the block and any code will not execute after break.

In, continue statement it takes control out of program for particular condition.

After that remaining code of block will execute.

Continue statement use when a single or particular condition only don't want to be execute.

It also use in loops like if-else, for, while etc..

Syntax :

for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
condition for continue
}
continue

Program :

Output :

1
2
3 ## only 4 will not print
5

Work :

Range of a is 1 to 5 it means it executes for 5 times.

when a became 4 continue execute, it means it not prints the 4.

all process after and before is same all numbers are print except 4.